Why Do Individuals with SMA Often Have Tight Jaws?

While SMA is often associated with mobility challenges, wheelchair use, and muscle weakness in the arms and legs, it can also affect the muscles involved in chewing, swallowing, speaking, and jaw movement. For some individuals with SMA, a “tight jaw” may actually be connected to limited mouth opening, jaw fatigue, difficulty chewing, or mandibular dysfunction. Research on SMA Types 2 and 3 notes that bulbar dysfunction, including limited mouth opening, is present in many patients with SMA and can affect daily functions such as chewing and yawning.

Individuals with SMA may experience tight jaws because the muscles that help control the jaw can become weak, stiff, fatigued, or limited over time. Jaw tightness may also be connected to reduced range of motion, changes in the temporomandibular joints, muscle atrophy, and difficulty with mandibular movement. A study on oral function in adults with SMA found that restricted mouth opening and limited jaw movement are associated with changes in jaw muscles and temporomandibular joint contractures. 

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